The spanish economy in 2023 he obtained a year on year, growth in volume of gross domestic product 2 , 5 % quarterly national accounts of spain. This increase in economic activity occurred despite a context of weakness of economic activity of the external environment and the gradual transfer of global monetary policy and european level.

The value of the national gdp at current prices for the year as a whole 2023 rate 1 . 462 . 070 millions of euros 8 , 6 per cent higher than 2022 Value-added. For final consumption expenditure of households grew by 1 , 7 and of the public administrations a 3 , 8 %. Since the offer, all major sectors of activity presented positive inter-annual variations. Thus, the gross value added of the industry has increased by 1 , 9 %, and construction grew by 1 , 9 per cent, while services they did so in a 3 , 2 per cent and primary branches had a negative growth rates - 2 , 02 per cent.

Related indicators were positive changes in consumption, although the electric power consumption decreased a 5 , 7 % (data of the first half of 2023 ) and it also happened with energy products 6 , 4 per cent.

The IPC was reduced from 8 , 4 in 2022 until 3 , 5 in 2023 . The annual rate of change in underlying inflation grew by 3 , 8 per cent, lower than 2022 that was 5 , 2 %. The prices in spain 2023 grew two percentage points lower than the Euro area.

Employed persons, increased by significant 3 , 88 % and the hours worked by persons grew by employees 2 , 82 %. Labour costs and wage growth had a 8 , 49 per cent, while productivity per hour worked down 0 , 76 per cent.

According to the census of population, in spain 1 january 2023 had 48 . 085 . 361 residents of these, 23 . 565 . 593 were men ( 49 , 01 per cent) and 24 . 519 . 768 were women ( 50 , 99 %). The population over the increase was 90 . 313 persons ( 0 , 19 %) reaching $ 148 . 070 persons: the balance of the spanish population was negative in 3 . 917 persons, whereas that of the foreign population was positive in 151 . 987 people. The foreign population surveyed was 6 . 089 . 620 people and assumed 580 . 574 more 2023 concerning 2022 and represented a 6 , 90 per cent of the total population. The spanish population increased by Only 18 . 060 people, that practically all ( 96 , 98 %) of the population growth to 1 january 2023 it was of citizens of foreign nationality.

The chart above shows a population structure: an ageing population of each 5 people 65 a or more years of age, while only one 13 , 83 % below 15 years. By sex, women outnumber men in figures very significant and although the number of men is higher in the younger age (up to the 35 years), in the older age groups women predominate. This difference is further aggravated the older. The average age of the population of Spain was 44 , 19 years, following a further year the growing trend (being 44 , 06 in 2022 and 43 , 79 in 2021 ). The aging rate or ratio between people of 65 years and more with regard to persons under 15 years, multiplied by 100 was in 2023 of 148 , 19 .

The territorial distribution of the population reflects its concentration in the gaza strip with most of the mediterranean 50 per cent of the total. The autonomous communities of the interior, with the exception of Madrid are those of smaller populations and population movements are not only a trend towards concentration in municipalities with a large population, but there is a loss of people even in many capitals and populations of the interior kernels.

The autonomous communities more an absolute increase of population 1 january 2023 were Cataluña with 140 . 140 more people, Comunidad de Madrid with 128 . 649 and the valencia Valencia na with 108 . 079 . Extremadura was the only autonomous community that it lost population. In relative terms, the largest increases in population occurred in Valencia Valencia na ( 2 , 12 %), Illes Balears ( 1 , 93 5 ) and Comunidad de Madrid ( 1 , 91 %), on the contrary, minors were produced in Principado de Asturias , Galicia , Castilla y León and País Vasco in all of them with increases below 0 , 5 per cent.

The year 2023 it has presented the best data of the past five years: according to data from the Encuesta de población Activa (EPA). In the fourth quarter of 2023 and in comparison with the data of the fourth quarter of 2022 there was an increase of year 783 . 000 employed persons, 589 . 600 active and a decrease of 193 . 400 unemployed workers.

Gender differences in the labour market are significant. Men are majority in assets and territories and women in unemployment and inactivity. 1 . 400 . 100 men employed more than women Are occupied. 229 . 400 most women than men are unemployed. The greatest failure of the women on the labour market is evident that are 2 . 345 . 300 more women than men. Women accounted for 47 , 57 %% of the assets, 46 , 70 per cent of the territories, 54 , 04 per cent of the unemployed and 57 , 00 per cent of the inactive.

The 21 . 246 . 900 employed persons were distributed as follows according to nationality: 17 . 250 . 400 spaniards with a hike 1 , 85 % 3 . 022 . 300 foreign nationals with an increase of 12 , 41 and 974 . 200 dual nationals who were 16 , 25 per cent.

The employed population stood at employee 18 . 035 . 200 persons with a growth of 664 . 000 ( 3 , 82 Per cent) Were distributed. 15 . 061 . 100 that was open-ended contract and 651 . 500 with fixed character discontinuous. The remaining employees were granted a temporary contract, 3 . 114 . 700 in the fourth quarter of 2022 and even the 2 . 974 . 400 in the fourth quarter of 2023 . This new composition of the structure of persons held by duration of the contract is the most relevant aspects of the impact that the new labour reform adopted by Royal Decree Law 32 / 2021 at the labour market.

The day full-time or part time work continues to have the same characteristics of previous years: 18 . 377 . 600 full-time employed ( 86 , 5 per cent of total territories) and 2 . 869 . 300 part-time work ( 13 , 5 per cent). The percentage of employed part-time is stable at the 13 , 6 % 2022 and 2021 . Again, those territories part-time women are majority nearly three out of four ( 73 , 92 and 2 . 121 . 00 ).

By employment status of the employed population, highlights an increase of self-employed people who went from 3 . 086 . 800 in the fourth quarter of 2022 to 3 . 205 . 100 in the 2023 (annual growth of 3 , 83 %).

In 2023 the figures of territories by economic sectors have increased over the past year in all services: 629 . 200 territories, followed by construction 108 . 300 industry, 28 . 000 agriculture and 17 . 500 . The population employed in services, industry and construction in this exercise in the world's largest volume of the past five years.

The activity rate was the fourth quarter of 2023 of 58 , 99 % being because higher 2022 that was 58 , 52 %. The employment rate was 52 , 05 % as the highest in the past 10 years. The unemployment rate stood at 11 , 76 % more than one point for the year 2004 2022 that was 12 , 78 % and the lowest in the past 10 years.

Source: prepared by the observatory of occupations in the SEPE from the INE data. Encuesta de población Activa. Fourth quarter of each year.

By geographical focus, autonomous community in the past year (4th quarter 2022 and fourth quarter 2023 ) all the autonomous communities, except Castilla y León , La Rioja , Ceuta and Melilla, increased its occupation. The largest increases were in Cataluña with 197 . 600 , Comunidad de Madrid with 160 . 5000 , Andalucía with 130 . 800 and País Vasco with 47 . 700 well, such as the increase in the territories has been concentrated in the more developed regions and populated areas of Spain.

In the 12 Recent months, the largest absolute increases in the number of assets occurred in Cataluña with 176 . 700 , Comunidad de Madrid with 106 . 300 and Andalucía with 90 . 300 .

Unemployment fell in all the autonomous communities with the exception of Illes Balears, Canarias , Castilla y León , La Rioja and Melilla. The most significant decrease was Comunidad de Madrid with 54 . 200 unemployed less, followed by Andalucía with 40 . 500 and Cataluña with 20 . 900 . With regard to the estimated unemployment rate to the lowest scores for the País Vasco ( 6 , 33 %), Cantabria ( 7 , 48 per cent) and Aragón ( 7 , 85 %). The unemployment rates were highest in Ceuta ( 28 , 35 %), Melilla ( 27 , 42 %), Andalucía ( 17 , 60 %), Extremadura ( 16 , 39 per cent) and Canarias ( 16 , 19 %).

In the Social security system, 31 december 2023 were a total of affiliated 20 . 733 . 042 persons, reflecting an increase of 2 , 85 per cent, compared with the same day the previous year. This increase confirms the return to an upward trend in the years leading up to the pandemic of COVID- 19 , and that is recovered in the past three years with increases of more than two and a half per cent.

The increase in the number of affiliations in 2023 , focused on economic sectors of services, construction and manufacturing, which grew by 3 , 28 % a 2 , 83 and 2 , 02 %; on the contrary, agriculture and fisheries dropped 2 , 13 per cent, over the previous year. By sections of economic activity the largest increases the obtained: Education, information and communications, Artistic, recreational and entertainment, with higher values than five per cent.

Public administration and defence; compulsory Social insurance are among the few who have lost members. The other negative variations submitted and Agriculture, forestry, livestock and fisheries, extractive industries and activities in homes as employers of domestic workers, with declines between one and two per cent.

The autonomous communities with the highest number of people affiliated in 2023 are Cataluña , Comunidad de Madrid and Andalucía — between the three, more than 51 , 61 % in affiliations throughout spain. With regard to the year 2022 all the autonomous communities have increased the number of affiliations. The biggest increases occurred in: Canarias , Comunidad de Madrid , Illes Balears and Valencia Valencia na, a 4 , 17 % 3 , 98 % 3 , 36 and 3 , 16 per cent, respectively.

Members of the General Regime with indefinite contracts increased 5 , 41 %, whereas under temporary contracts decreased 7 , 97 per cent.

Affiliations return to regain the path of growth, surpassing the values pre pandemics. 2023 , the maximum value of the series, both sexes with regard to the year 2014 , presented the highest in the past 10 years with an increase of 26 , 51 % women and 22 , 76 % men. At the end of year, the membership has increased over the previous year a 2 , 85 %, but on this occasion the female enrolment grew by almost point higher than male a 3 , 33 per cent, compared to 2 , 41 In absolute terms the increase of women reached 416 . 861 compared to 256 . 861 men.

In december 2023 most of the membership is connected with the General Regime, that by december 2023 the term, 78 , 51 per cent of the total. The rest is shared between the regime of Autonomous a 16 , 11 % Special Regime with the Agrarian 3 , 31 Per cent, with the Home 1 , 79 Regime, and of the sea, 0 , 28 per cent.

Over the previous year and, following the profile of participants, all age groups recorded positive changes, except the stretch of 35 to 44 years, with a 1 , 08 % and the most significant increase in the stretch of 16 and 24 years, with a 8 , 60 In absolute terms, the largest increase was in the stretch of 55 or more years, 249 . 041 members, and the biggest fall in the stretch of 35 to 44 years 55 . 725 affiliated less.

In 2023 the trend that has been given during the last decade: the progressive ageing of their members. At the end of the year, 50 per cent of “ 45 years or more, while a decade ago this percentage stands at forty-two per cent over the last year the weight of this group increased by six tenths.

By economic sectors, 80 , 53 per cent of the quotation and 76 , 60 per cent of the membership of the services sector and membership in this sector presents the best behaviour, with an increase of 3 , 28 %, followed by construction and industry with a hike 2 , 83 and 2 , 02 per cent, respectively.

The national business network is configured mainly by small, hence the price of up to twenty-five workers constituted, 2023 , 93 , 62 per cent of the total. This figure has fallen interanualmente in twenty decimal places. The affiliated workers are concentrated mainly in large enterprises, as 55 , 19 per cent are assigned to companies 50 the number increased trabajadores. this proportion in 58 decimal places, with regard to the year 2022 . This analysis of the centres of contributions, by size of the centre, except the interval 1 to 5 that goes down a affiliated 0 , 26 per cent, in others there were increases over the previous year. It Is the stretch of more than 500 the participants in a greater extent, 5 , 19 per cent.

In the classification of the distribution of persons covered by section of activity, you get that in five focuses the 50 %: Wholesale and retail, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; Manufacturing industry, Health services and social services, Hospitality and Construction. At the end of year 2023 membership in sixteen increases and decreases sections only four. The highest increases in absolute terms, in terms of sections catering Education ( 151 . 217 more), hotels ( 79 . 173 more), health services and social services ( 71 . 987 more), professional activities, scientific and technical ( 53 . 205 more) and trade by larger and smaller; repair of vehicles ( 51 . 845 more). These five sections would absorb 70 per cent of the increased membership.

The highest rates of women are given in the sections of household Activities employers of domestic workers, 89 , 48 per cent and health activities and social services 76 , 89 % and education 66 , 33 % while in extractive industries, construction, water, sanitation, waste management and decontamination their representation is below the 21 per cent.

According to the timing is obtained that persons affiliated with indefinite contracts account for approximately 80 per cent of total affiliations and within countries, the highest share refers to part-time full-time, 74 , 35 % 19 , 07 % part-time. Temporary contracts remain 13 , 52 % and are full-time employees which yield higher values ( 70 , 18 % vs. 29 , 82 %).

Finally, by geographical focus, all the autonomous communities were positive changes in the membership; Canarias , Comunidad de Madrid , Illes Balears and Valencia Valencia na were the greatest increases relating, above all three percent. In all the autonomous communities, the rate of women is lower than that of men, with the largest difference in Castilla la Mancha and the Region Murcia and, in the opposite side, Principado de Asturias , Galicia and Melilla are as the autonomous communities with the highest rates of female membership on the 49 per cent.

In 2023 there were 15 . 444 . 205 contracts, this figure represents 2 . 866 . 138 unless the contract 2022 , a 15 , 65 % less in relative values. This is because the labour market presents signs of stabilization and an increase of indefinite contracts, which lie in the 43 %, the highest value of the historical series. In relation to persons engaged, the decline was more modest, 11 , 29 % ( 869 . 198 less) which has led to a reduction in turnover (ratio between the total number of contracts and the total number of persons engaged) that stood in 2 , 26 average contracts per person, the lowest in ten years. It also has consolidated the indefinite contracts have been signed 6 . 620 . 983 new stable contracts within the framework of the labour reform: especially younger people: a 42 , 6 per cent of contracts were signed indefinite, which in 2021 it was 9 , 27 per cent.

Noting that the evolution of the recruitment disaggregated by sex, reflected as the gender gap had been progressively shrinking from 2018 with the exception of 2020 atypical year, owing to the pandemic and reaching women this year of study the highest rate of participation, a 46 , 65 per cent, three percentage points since 2014 .

The results to the autonomous community level, have a decrease in recruitment throughout the territories, the most acute in the Comunidad Valenciana , followed by Andalucía and in the other side are communities País Vasco and Castilla y León with falling below the 11 %. By sex, in seven autonomous communities, Autonomous Community of Navarra , Melilla, Principado de Asturias , País Vasco , Castilla y León , Cantabria and Ceuta women show of 50 % or more. In the rest of the territories were the men were higher rates, with the highest value in the Region Murcia .

The setup profile of the persons engaged in 2023 is that as usual, there were more men a contracts 53 , 35 and 46 , 65 % female, this year has been increasing among women about five tenths 2022 . Over the previous year, both men and women, negative variations in the case of men, a 16 , 47 % and for women a 14 , 70 % and also reduces the temporality, 6 , 27 points for the first, 53 , 53 and 2 , 50 points for women, 61 , 25 %. Men experience temporality lowest in all age groups.

Figure 6 . Contracts recorded by sex and age groups

The distribution by age group, remained virtually the same values 2022 . Fifty percent of the contracts were conducted with minor workers 35 years (a 27 , 15 % 25 to 34 years 23 , 39 % with minors 25 years). According To the age, the share is decreasing: 21 , 95 % 35 to 44 years 18 , 69 % 45 to 54 and finally a 8 , 82 per cent over 54 years. By bearing in mind also the gender variable in all age groups, the rate of men is higher than women with the greatest difference in the working group 55 or more years ( 55 % men, 45 % women) and lowest in the working group 45 to 54 years ( 50 % vs. 48 %).

The classification by level, a further year, presents the same characteristics: at lower levels to a high percentage of men and at the lowest level, primary and non-accredited, there are the highest rates of aliens. As the educational level of the individual contracted increases the presence of women and reduces the rate of foreigners, especially in vocational training courses and university curricula.

In the year 2023 the division of the recruitment by economic sectors offers, one more year, the strong concentration in the service sector. This year, the weight of this sector is increasing 1 , 22 points and is situated above the values of the year 2019 and, on the other hand, the sector of agriculture and livestock, are once again the most important loses the sectoral distribution, 0 , 8 2006an 2022 . The other sectors, with minor differences will have the same percentage as the previous year.

The differences in the recruitment by sex and economic sector, agriculture, construction and manufacturing are sectors with men dominated agriculture. In men have a rate of 73 , 18 per cent in construction of the 88 , 97 % and in industry 65 , 57 Per cent. However, the service sector introduced majority mutilation, 54 , 30 per cent of contracts were women. The highest proportion of young people, 30 years came in services ( 41 , 60 per cent) and of the greatest of 45 years in construction ( 40 , 72 %).

The agricultural sector is characterized by significant presence of aliens, the 49 , 41 per cent of contracts, followed by construction, 28 , 66 %. In industry and services the percentage of foreigners in 2023 was 18 , 79 and 19 , 24 % respectively.

The sectors where most-favoured-nation has been the stability of the labour reform have been agriculture and construction, this year. 72 , 78 per cent of the recruitment in construction raised and the indefinite 51 , 24 per cent in agriculture. The lowest rate was in industry. 28 , 60 % and services 41 , 26 per cent.

With regard to the distribution of recruitment by sections of activity, 2023 the sections, with more contracts were Hotel Industry, agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries, wholesale and minor, manufacturing and administrative and auxiliary services covering almost sixty per cent of total recruitment.

With the labour reform, there has been a decline of temporality in all economic activities. The elderly, have occurred in those activities that had higher rates.

If 2021 , 61 economic activity rate was higher than the temporality 80 % 2023 boil down to 10 activities framed in the sectors of industry and services. In services provided are above the rates 80 %: activities of public administration and defence; compulsory Social insurance, creation, art and entertainment, storage and transport activities, annexed to the Activities of video, film and television programmes, sound recording and music editing and assistance in residential facilities. In industry: Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and Collection, treatment and disposal of waste.

Of the 15 . 444 . 205 recruitments recorded this year, from the table above, 6 . 620 . 983 , 42 , 87 % were indefinite, a figure which had previously stood at 10 , 90 %; submits an annual decline of 5 , 78 % due to a decline in the short-term contracts which become indefinite. Among the modalities for indefinite periods of regular indefinite that 92 per cent of total recorded an increase of year 7 , 70 per cent.

Women, in accordance with the figures represent the organizations, 42 , 17 per cent of indefinite contracts and men 57 , 83 per cent, representing a gap of more than 15 points. Foreigners and young people have been more benefit: 56 , 99 per cent of the contracts have been ratified by foreign persons 42 , 62 per cent children under the age of 30 years. These percentages which had previously topped the list 12 , 26 per cent for the first and 9 , 27 per cent for seconds.

Temporary contracts with a cumulative total of 8 . 823 . 222 have fallen interanualmente a 21 , 80 per cent, temporality rate has been smaller, declined to 57 , 13 % 4 , 5 percentage points lower than in a year earlier.

The recruitment throughout the year, a seasonal pattern, well in the months more contracts are registered in the spring and summer and are linked in the service sector, especially in catering, hotel services and cultural activities and sports; also september and october are high values linked to recruitment in the fields of education, health or commercial activities. The exception is in the months of july, august and december.

With regard to the distribution of contracts as working time in the context of the new labour reform and comparing this distribution with the year 2021 he noted the decline of contracts and the full-time work for the benefit of constant discontinuous. The proportions were as follows: 56 , 04 per cent of contracts are full-time, a 28 , 96 % part-time and rest a 14 , 98 % are contracts of type fijo-discontinuo. In part-time contracts the proportion of women remains highly relevant, 2023 the 38 , 67 per cent of women were engaged in this day, while men were at the 20 , 46 per cent.

With regard to geographical mobility, it has submitted a lower intensity in those with travel between autonomous communities, which between those who stay. The rate interautonómica 4 10 , 91 % 2023 there have been the dynamics of the mobility of recent years; the peak flows occur in the Comunidad de Madrid in the communities in the mediterranean and south, while other important points are produced in the cantabrian coast and from the triangle La Rioja , Navarra and País Vasco .

The profile of the members of the geographical mobility interautonómica shown in the chart below.

TO 31 december 2023 applicants, stops enrolled in the public employment services have reduced by 4 , 59 per cent over the same date in 2006. This reduction is that in Spain at that date has 2 . 707 . 456 unemployed workers listed as a jobseeker, 130 . 197 less than in 2022 and 14 , 42 per cent 2019 the previous year, the crisis caused by COVID- 2019 .

Applicants not stops, after experiencing the greatest increase in its history by the crisis 2020 ( 161 , 38 per cent) and have been 2021 ( 50 , 21 per cent) and 2022 ( 9 , 68 per cent) in 2023 a return to be increased 8 , 95 % and occurred within 1 . 715 . 113 In this way. 2023 ends with the number of persons not stops highest registered with the exception of those years 2020 and 2021 .

Thereafter, we will look at the concept 2023 the unemployed workers were registered. According To sex, men and women reduce their number pretty much the same: decreases, the absolute and relative multiannual, men are: 57 . 022 ( 4 , 97 per cent) and women 73 . 175 ( 4 , 33 %).

Figure 11 . Evolution of registered unemployment by sex

In 2023 all the autonomous communities reflect a decrease in the number of unemployed workers in the state as a whole, although with very different variations of one another.

Thus, while Ceuta, Comunidad de Madrid and Cataluña reducing a 0 , 16 % a 0 , 65 and 0 , 85 %; others such as Illes Baleares , Aragón or Galicia makes it an 11 , 55 % a 9 , 48 and 8 , 94 %. Other autonomies presented decreases more homogenous, although still ranging from 2 , 72 the% País Vasco and 8 , 36 % down Canarias .

Moreover, in all communities there are still more women than men and stops except in the seven in the declining more women than men, in the other, increased gender between the sexes. These differences are so important as occur in Castilla la Mancha, Melilla or Extremadura where women represent 65 , 07 % 64 , 35 and 63 , 35 % of registered unemployment, respectively.

The profile of plaintiff stops remains very well-defined characteristics in terms of the sector, education and sex.

In the first two cases, the service sector, 71 , 50 per cent of total registered unemployed, and the level of primary school or not standing that amount the 40 , 15 % (and 66 , 60 including Compulsory Secondary Education), are considerably on the other sectors and levels. Women, who this year diminish less than men, and therefore increase their participation rate with respect to 2022 , turning to represent the 59 , 72 % ( 0 , 16 percentage points since 2022 ), remain clearly marking the profile.

The other variables that are less defined, although in terms of age, persons who have 55 years or more annually increase their weight and already accounted for 32 , 02 %, whereas 2016 they involved 21 , 69 %; 2019 just before the pandemic, 25 , 68 per cent.

Seniority of demand, between zero and six months is still the majority group, 40 , 09 per cent of unemployed workers registered as a jobseeker.

In summary, the state as a whole, the characteristics of the unemployed job-seekers are: women, education not Compulsory Secondary Education, in their 55 request for years, employment in the service sector and seniority at or below six months in demand.

A collective that deserves special mention is made up of the long-term unemployed workers (PDL), which are those who are seeking employment year. 2023 account 44 , 84 per cent of registered unemployed persons, are to be increased by 0 , 40 per cent, compared to 4 , 69 % that reduces the total unemployment in this group and women, are clearly the 63 , 93 per cent of the total.

The distribution of persons stops by economic sector presents significant variations in respect of the year 2022 . In all sectors, the number: members of the range without previous employment are least descend a 0 , 94 per cent, while agriculture and fisheries, with a drop of 13 , 66 %, is the largest it down, followed by industry with a reduction of 7 , 58 %. In terms of construction and services fall a 5 , 87 and 4 , 03 per cent, respectively.

Services, for his great weight, is the most declined in absolute numbers, and by far in relation to other, reported 81 . 333 fewer unemployed workers. These are followed by reducing industry 17 . 731 agriculture, and it greatly reduces 15 . 483 . In an amount not much lower makes that low construction, 13 . 339 while unemployed persons are emerging from the previous year being 2 . 311 less.

The situation by section of economic activity, introduced a general lowering of persons seeking employment stops. Only increase: information and communications ( 8 , 74 %), Household Activities employers of domestic workers ( 4 , 43 Per cent); Activity producing household goods and services itself, and supply of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning ( 3 , 71 %). All the other the reduced, and some as financial and insurance and Agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries, in a very significant since descend a 15 , 86 and 13 , 66 per cent, respectively, while in the case of the first, only accounts 0 , 84 per cent of registered unemployment.

In 2023 , the curve of the evolution of the monthly unemployed workers seeking employment, introduced a standardized record with a year in which reducing unemployment.

In both curves, 2022 and 2023 the first three months of the year are the most unemployed workers presented, in the case of the year 2023 it is in february is the most registers. From this month, is reduced in a month until july, that fewer people were registered, widened again slightly until october and decrease in the past two months of the year. These variations are usually occur in the period considered “ normal ” without altering circumstances.

The beneficiaries of allowances are unemployed persons who are registered as jobseekers and are in the situations protected by the contingency of unemployment in its various modalities. The benefits that protect the unemployed are structured in two levels: the contributory and welfare.

The closure of 2023 the number of recipients of unemployment benefits is 1 . 835 . 927 individuals, 2 . 272 fewer than last year, a 0 , 12 % less in relative values.

With regard to the distribution of recipients of sex, 2014 the percentage of men exceeded five points to women, which is invested in subsequent years. In 2016 the percentages to be balanced, and in subsequent years, increased the burden of women to be placed at the end of 2023 in the 54 , 72 %, more than nine percentage points than men.

By autonomous communities, the largest number of beneficiaries is Andalucía , followed by Cataluña the valencia region, Valencia na and Comunidad de Madrid , 61 , 06 per cent of total with regard to. 2022 , there are variations in ten negative and highlight Illes Balears and Canarias above all others. The nine communities that increase the number of beneficiaries, with a Melilla 17 , 85 per cent, followed by Castilla-La Mancha with an increase of 3 , 92 per cent.

In Andalucía , Principado de Asturias , Canarias , Castilla-La Mancha Valencia, Valencia na, Extremadura and Galicia together with the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, mostly beneficiaries receive care.

The Renta Activa de inserción (RAI) has greater presence in the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, and Andalucía , Canarias , Castilla-La Mancha Valencia, Valencia na and region Murcia ; and lower in Illes Balears, Comunidad de Madrid , Comunidad Foral de Navarra , Cataluña , La Rioja and País Vasco .

According to the tendency of the past five years, the majority of persons who are in receipt are women, 54 , 72 % 9 , 43 percentage points more than men, in absolute terms are 173 . 179 receiving more.

By age group, the largest group is 55 years or more, with the 37 , 75 per cent of beneficiaries on. 2022 the bands, 55 or more years and 16 to 24 are the ones that have a positive change, while the remaining sections falling numbers of beneficiaries, especially 35 and 44 years.

Contributory benefit represents 46 , 62 %; men are more numerous, 50 , 56 per cent, while women are majority in grant, 56 , 86 %, Renta Activa de inserción 70 , 68 % and eventual Subsidy farming 70 , 63 %. The stretch of 35 to 44 years is the largest number of recipients of the contributory benefit 25 , 66 per cent.

The allowance is the 43 , 85 % and the age bracket was of 55 years or more, with the 55 , 53 %; the percentage increases to 2022 in 2 , 07 points.

The beneficiaries of the renta activa de inserción (linked to a labour integration represent 5 , 16 per cent, with a decrease of almost twenty decimal places over the previous year. 55 , 94 per cent of the beneficiaries are in the 45 to 54 years, which is reduced to just over one-and-a-half percentage representation over the previous year.

The agricultural potential, 4 , 37 per cent of total beneficiaries, registered a decline of their relative weight of just over thirty decimals, in relation to 2022 .

A decisive element in considering the labour market are occupations, both those where entrepreneurs engaged as requested by the plaintiffs to work.

In this section analyses the occupations on the basis of information in the public employment service, i.e. State, occupations recruited and requested by the plaintiffs stopped according to the national classification of occupations (CNO- 11 ) adopted by Royal Decree 1591 / 2010 , 26 november.

It is important to bear in mind, to understand the results, that “ a person may be hired several times during a period of time ”, and it is possible that their jobs are anchored in different occupational groups; therefore, reference should be made to the volume of contracts, not all persons engaged In. 2023 the average number of contracts for a person has been of 2 , 26 .

In addition, a petitioner may seek employment “ up to six occupations and therefore, it is not possible to the overlap between the number of unemployed and the number of applications ”. On average in 2023 each person stop requested employment 3 , 96 occupations.

The recruitment by major occupational groups in the past 10 years, presents an unhealthy trend between 2023 / 2014 with a relative value of 7 , 67 per cent.

During the year 2023 there were in spain 15 . 444 . 203 contracts which saw a decrease of 15 , 65 per cent compared to 2004 2022 , 2 . 866 . 138 fewer contracts. The number of persons recruited fell a smaller proportion, a 11 , 29 % and, therefore, the turnover (the relationship between contracts and persons engaged) stood at 2 , 26 the lowest, throughout the decade.

The annual reduction has been reflected in all the major occupational groups. Above the average decline five of the nine major groups: the GG 7 - Artisans and skilled workers from manufacturing industries and construction (- 20 , 09 per cent); the GG 8 - Selection of facilities and machinery, and assemblers (- 18 , 92 per cent); the GG 5 - Workers of restaurant services, personal, protection and sellers (- 18 , 45 %), the GG 9 - Elementary occupations (- 18 , 37 per cent) and GG 6 -. Skilled workers in the agricultural sector, livestock, forestry and fisheries sectors (- 16 , 14 %).

Less regress occurred in the GG 1 - Directors and managers, and in the GG 2 - Technical and professional scientists and intellectuals with decreases 5 , 05 and 9 , 48 % respectively.

The following table shows the most relevant to each major occupational group.

For a more detailed analysis of occupations and recruitment 2023 , been considered, among the most of 500 different occupations, 15 with the greatest number of annual contracts only account for them, 52 , 18 per cent, i.e. that of every 100 contracts recorded more than 52 it is up to some of them. All highlighted coincided with those of the year 2022 , with the exception of the pawns of the construction is 2023 the ranking and move in its position on the domestic workers.

The occupation of Waiters employees is situated in first place, despite record 249 . 990 unless the contract 2022 .

In terms of turnover, (relationship between contracts and persons engaged) has also declined interanualmente in all occupations; and the rate of stability that at the national level has been 42 , 87 % and that is surpassed in eleven of the fifteen occupations, with the exception of the case of the staff of cleaning and assistant nurses. This stable rate shows significant fluctuations between the 11 , 15 per cent in nursing auxiliaries and 76 , 25 per cent of Masons.

With regard to sex, the rate of recruitment of women which is of general average 46 , 65 %, noted that in seven of the fifteen occupations have rates above 50 %, highlighting hospital nursing auxiliaries with 86 , 42 %, the cleaning staff with the 81 , 60 per cent and administrative staff with work for the public with the 72 , 69 %. Occupations with highest male presence are Stonemasons, truck Drivers who are Pawns, and of the construction of buildings. In four of the occupations coincide both sexes: Agricultural labourers (except in orchards, greenhouses, nurseries and gardens), Waiters employees, Pawns of manufacturing industries and Store and inventory management.

The ten occupations represented for men accumulating the 44 , 89 per cent of total male staff and in the case of women joined the 51 , 32 per cent of female staff. The behaviour is similar for both sexes: shrink interanualmente contracts in all occupations, exceeding the 20 % of backing down in some such as agricultural labourers and Pawns of manufacturing industries (in both sexes); domestic workers, in the case of women, and the Pawns of transport, in the case of men.

There are still occupations with a clear bias towards either sex: in the case of women it is in the majority in occupations as domestic workers with a rate of 92 , 83 %, Hospital nursing auxiliaries ( 86 , 42 %), Cleaning staff from offices, hotels and other similar establishments, ( 81 , 60 per cent) and administrative staff with work for the public ( 72 , 69 %). The majority of male staff in occupations related to logistical and transport (road transport and drivers) and construction activities (masons and pawns) with rates above the 80 per cent.

In 2023 there have been 231 . 804 unless the contract 2022 in the first. more For men: agricultural labourers (except in orchards, greenhouses, nurseries and gardens), despite this still includes the 9 , 34 per cent of total male staff; and for women: waitresses wage earners, accumulates 11 , 33 per cent, although there has been close 125 . 000 unless the contract 2022 .

By age group and on the total: the recruitment of minors 25 years stood at 23 , 39 per cent 25 and 44 year 49 , 10 % and over 44 years 27 , 51 %. The on-year decline recruitment affected all age groups, especially the intermediate stage with a decrease of 18 , 63 With regard to per cent. 2022 the recruitment of workers 25 and 44 years have lost weight 1 , 79 percentage points on the total and has increased 1 , 59 points on children 25 years.

There are six occupations that are repeated in the three tiers, albeit to varying position: Waiters employees, Store and warehouses, Pawns of manufacturing industries, Agricultural labourers (except in orchards, greenhouses, nurseries and gardens), cleaning staff from offices, hotels and other similar establishments and Agricultural labourers in orchards, greenhouses, nurseries and kindergartens (pawns nature).

The 53 , 30 per cent of contracts in the occupation of Monitors of recreational and entertainment are signed by minors 25 years. In this age range is also recorded the 39 , 57 and 38 , 70 per cent of all contracts in the store and stores, Waiters employees, respectively.

Persons between 25 and 44 subscribe to the years 49 , 10 per cent of the global staff. This percentage is higher in all occupations that appear in the figure: Administrative employees with work for the public ( 53 , 68 %), the pawns of freight and pan tipping device ( 52 , 51 per cent) and the pawns of manufacturing industries ( 51 , 13 %), are the most striking.

Older persons 44 subscribe to the years 27 , 51 per cent of the total staff, although in some occupations are well beyond this percentage: 56 , 57 per cent of contracts for domestic workers, 51 , 71 per cent of contracts of masons and 44 , 64 per cent of the staff of cleaning of offices, hotels and other similar establishments.

The following graph represent occupations with the largest number of contracts according to their level of qualification organized by major occupational groups: in the low level qualification accumulates 33 , 89 per cent of the recruitment, the occupations of middle- reflected the 48 , 49 in high qualifications are grouped the 17 , 62 per cent of the total.

TO 31 december 2023 recorded 10 . 732 . 900 applications for employment 501 different occupations, with a reduction of year 5 , 80 %. On that date, the registered unemployment was 2 . 707 . 456 a people, 4 , 59 % lower than the previous year.

Manufacturing and construction (major groups 7 and 8 ), on the contrary, lose their relevance on the total: 3 , 46 points the GG 7 and 2 , 03 the GG 8 Similar, keeping the weight of applications for the rest of the major groups.

All the major occupational groups multiannual reductions in the number of applications, the highest decreases were recorded in the large group of operators of plant and machinery and assemblers ( 8 , 84 %), craftsmen and skilled workers from manufacturing industries and construction ( 8 , 06 %), and skilled workers in agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries ( 7 , 77 %). The applications of demand for employment by occupation have moved towards greater weight gain Elementary occupations 2 , 76 points in the decade and those of the workers of restaurant services, personal, protection and sellers, with a weight 1 , 69 points higher than for 10 years; and employees, accounting, administrative and other employees of oficina. wins 0 , 86 points.

Applications for employment of long-term unemployed workers (PDL) account 45 , 06 % 2 , 44 points higher than in the 2022 . 35 , 21 % of demand in elementary occupations and 25 , 61 % in occupations in the group of workers in the catering facilities, personal, protection and sellers.

The 45 , 48 per cent of applications of foreign persons recorded in the elementary occupations and 24 , 72 % of workers of restaurant services, personal, protection and sellers. Similarly, the demands of employment of young people under 30 years and older persons 45 years accumulate in the two groups mentioned above.

In the following table includes the most significant features of applications recorded in 2023 in the 10 broad occupational groups.

In the analysis of the capita shows that the fifteen most requested occupations, maintaining positions which are similar to those of 2022 . In all of them has been a setback in the number of requests emphasizing percentages in occupations: Pawns of the construction, Pawns of manufacturing industries and Waiters employees.

In the distribution by sex: men exhibiting a greater number of occupations solitudes in construction (Stonemasons, Pawns of the construction, Pawns of public works), transport (Drivers and transport Pawns) and agricultural (Skilled workers in orchards, greenhouses, nurseries and kindergartens) and women in occupations that are related to the activities of office (Administrative staff, receptionists), trade (Vendors, Reponedoras, Cashiers) and hotels (Waitresses, Kitchen staff).

If one takes into account the age group most requested occupations with the outcome 2023 it is as follows: The total number of requests are distributed in percent as follows: 5 , 74 per cent of children under 25 the years; 36 , 80 % among people of the 25 to 44 years; and 57 , 46 per cent in the biggest of 44 years. The biggest fall in the number of applications was between 25 to 44 years 9 , 69 %; requests from applicants under 25 revenue fell a 2 , 62 % and of older persons 44 years 3 , 45 per cent.

Six occupations are reiterated in the three age groups, albeit to varying position according to the absolute number of claims: Store and warehouses, Waiters employees, Pawns of manufacturing industries, agricultural Skilled workers in orchards, greenhouses, nurseries and kindergartens, cleaning staff from offices, hotels and other similar establishments, and administrative employees without work for the public. Persons under 25 outnumbered their average value of applications ( 5 , 74 per cent) in occupations as waiters employees, store and inventory management; and skilled workers in orchards, greenhouses, nurseries and gardens.

Also exceed the average value of applications ( 36 , 80 %), among persons 25 to 44 years in professions: Waiters employees and sellers in shops and stores. In the group of older persons 44 years exceeds the average ( 57 , 46 per cent) involved: staff from cleaning of offices, hotels and other similar establishments; Pawns of manufacturing industries and administrative employees without work for the public.

In an analysis of applications according to the level of qualification and according to the large group they belong to is remarkable, once again, the predominance of the occupation of cleaning staff from offices, hotels and other similar establishments with a large majority of women, and also leads the group of low-skilled occupations. The middle- fall under the GG 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 and 8 accumulate the; 51 , 82 per cent of applications.

The employment applications are concentrated in the GG 5 they belong to one half of The occupations. 14 , 58 per cent of all such submissions are presented in the occupations of GG 1 , 2 and 3 , which have been classified as high qualification. Occupations sued belong to the most numerous GG 3 - Technical support professionals; the GG. 2 - Technical and professional scientists and intellectuals represented are closely linked to education.

Summary of the report of the State labour market 2023